Variable-frequency drives

A variable-frequency drive (VFD) (also known as adjustable class="table" -frequency drive, frequency-regulated drive, AC drive, micro drive or inverter drive) is a model of adjustable class="table" -speed drive used in electro-mechanical drive systems to regulate the work of alternating current motor turn of speed and torque by modifying motor incoming frequency and electric potential.
         A variable-frequency drive is presented in appliances starting with small devices to the large mine mill drives and compressors. Though, nearly a 1/3 of the electrical energy is generated by electric motors in vane, fixed-speed centrifugal pump, vane and compressor appliances but VFDs' world market appearance for various applications is still on a low level. This means improved energy efficiency opportunities for modified and brand new VFD fitting.
        Owing to development and modernization of semiconductor switching devices, drive modifications, simulation and regulating techniques, control hardware and software, electronics technology has put down VFD price and size and improved its operation for the last forty years.
VFDs are represented in a large amount of different low and medium voltage AC-AC and DC-AC modifications.
       A variable frequency drive is an appliance used in a drive system and it is consisted of the following three central sub-systems: AC motor, drive operator interface and main drive controller assembly.
       With the help of VFD many fixed-speed motor load appliances that are supplied direct from AC line power can preserve energy while operating at variable-speed. Such energy cost savings can be observed in variable-torque centrifugal vane and appliances, where the loads' torque and power changes with the square and cube of the speed. This very variation reduces power in comparison with fixed-speed regulation for approximately small reduction in velocity. For instance, at 63% speed an engine load uses only 25% of its full velocity power. This depends on the affinity laws that determine the connection between various centrifugal load figures.
       In the United States, an estimated 60-65% of electrical energy is employed to run motors, 75% of which are variable torque pump, vane, and compressor loads. 18 % of the energy employed in the 40 million motors in the U.S. may be preserved according to efficient energy improvement technologies such as VFDs.
       Nearly 3% of the total number of AC motors has AC drives. Anyway, it is estimated that drive technology is adopted in 30-40% of all new motors.
 
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