Electric motor drives construction

Every machine contains four constituent parts: the engine, energy control, the working machine and transmission. The engine, energy control and transmission comprise the “drive system”. Drive system can convert any type of energy, more often it is electrical energy , into mechanical energy.
Electric motor drives the majority of machines
Later on the working machine uses this transformed energy. Energy is delivered from the power supply  to the drive system.

Variable speed control can be used in each of the abovementioned components of the drive system. Thus, variable speed control can be accomplished, for  instance, if we use a frequency converter as the energy control constituent, gears as the transmission constituent  and a two speed motor as the motor constituent .   As it was written earlier, generally electric motors drive the majority of machines. All electric motors can be divided into DC and AC motors. AC motors, especially  squirrel cage induction motors, are the most typical motors used in industrial processes.

The process of electromagnetic induction helps an AC motor to convert electrical  energy into mechanical . The  electric potential  in  stator windings forms the  magnetic and    current flux. If we use the  right hand rule from the  stator  current, we will be able to determine the direction of the flux. The  direction of the  flux can be changed, by  changing the direction of the electric potential in stator windings. And if we try to change the direction of electric potential in the 3-phase  motor windings in a proper way, the  motor’s magnetic  flux will start to rotate. The rotor will follow this  flux with a some removing. Using a  frequency converter results in controlling  AC motors.  This very frequency converter changes the frequency of  the electric potential and the alternating  current . A  frequency converter consists of three constituent parts. Regular 50 Hz 3-phase  current is fed in to the  rectifier unit, which in its turn converts it to direct  current. The DC electric potential is fed into the  DC bus circuit. This bus circuit filters the ripple  voltage.  And then the  inverter component  connects these phases  to the “-” or to the “+”  DC bus in accordance with the order. To receive the  flux direction (see the diagram), switches V1,  V4 and V5 must be closed. To make the  flux rotatein the counterclockwise direction, switch V5 has to be open  while V6 , on the contrary, has to be closed.  If switch V5 is not opened, the circuit will short circuit and the  flux has turned 60° counterclockwise.

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